System Design Interview Prep

Requirements & estimation, networking, API design, data modelling, caching, and scaling — the architecture-interview competency

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🧭

Fundamentals

The interview framework: scoping the prompt, functional vs non-functional requirements, estimation and the numbers to know

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🌐

Networking

DNS, TCP vs UDP, HTTP versions, load balancers and API gateways, and choosing between polling, SSE and WebSockets

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🔗

API Design

REST vs gRPC vs GraphQL, pagination, idempotency, versioning, and designing error contracts

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🗄️

Data Modelling

SQL vs NoSQL as an access-pattern decision, indexing, normalisation trade-offs, and modelling for scale

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⚡

Caching

Cache layers, write-through/aside/behind, eviction and TTLs, invalidation, hot keys, stampedes and CDNs

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Scaling & Sharding

Replication and read scaling, partitioning and sharding, consistent hashing, hot shards and rebalancing

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